INNHOLD

FOREWORD

ACKOWLEDGEMENTS

PART I: LEGAL DECISION AN COMMUNICATION PROCESSES

    1 CONTEXT OF RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS

    2 DECISION PROCESSES
       2.1 Introduction
       2.2 Initiation
       2.3 The facts of the case
          2.3.1 The probable facts of the case
          2.3.2 The proven facts of the case
       2.4 Legal sources
       2.5 The retrieval process
       2.6 Interpretation: Relations between sources and norms
          2.6.1 Relevancy of sources - weight of arguments
          2.6.2 Words and uncertainty
          2.6.3 Harmonization
       2.7 The normative interval
       2.8 The result - and feedback from the result
       2.9 Standards for legal information retrieval

    3 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES
       3.1 Introduction
       3.2 The editorial process: Data base selection
          3.2.1 Introduction
          3.2.2 Selection
          3.2.3 The data base
             (1) Representativity
             (2) Objectivity
             (3) Updating
       3.3 The editorial process: Document design
          3.3.1 Documents
          3.3.2 Three typical forms of documents
             (1) Indexes
             (2) Abstracts
             (3) Authentic text
          3.3.3 Functional performance
             (1) Introduction
             (2) The retrieval function
             (3) Relevance function
             (4) The source function
             (5) The current awareness function
          3.3.4 Conclusion
       3.4 The information system
          3.4.1 Elements of the information system
          3.4.2 Information - and on what
             (1) The concept of information
             (2) The subject of information
       3.5 Using the information system
          3.5.1 User-constructed information systems
          3.5.2 Availability factors
             (1) Introduction
             (2) Pragmatic and formal availability factors
             (3) User research on availability factors: An example
          3.5.3 The cost curve
             (1) Area of interest - area of documentation
             (2) The local data base: The concept of coverage
             (3) Factors determining the cost curve
             (4) Availability discrimination
          3.5.4 Active and passive use of information systems
             (1) Introduction
             (2) Functional performance
             (3) Delegation
          3.5.5 Technological change and costs

PART II: TEXT RETRIEVAL

    4 ANATOMY OF TEXT RETRIEVAL
       4.1 Introduction
          4.1.1 Defining an information retrieval system
          4.1.2 Sketch of an information retrieval system
          4.1.3 Different user situations
       4.2 Characteristics of text retrieval
          4.2.1 Document retrieval
          4.2.2 Full text retrieval
          4.2.3 Interest retrieval
       4.3 The retrieval process
       4.4 Choosing the data base
       4.5 Retrieval strategies
          4.5.1 Introduction
          4.5.2 The retrieval function
             (1) Simulating relevance assessment
             (2) Identity functions
             (3) Nearness functions
             (4) Combinations of identity and nearness functions
          4.5.3 Iterative techniques
             (1) Introduction
             (2) Relevance feedback
             (3) Local metrical feedback
             (4) Computerized processing of search requests - snowball functions
             (5) A preprocessor to text retrieval systems
       4.6 Aids in formulating search requests
          4.6.1 Formulating the request
          4.6.2 Examples of different aids
             (1) Truncation
             (2) Mask functions
             (3) Automatic stemming
             (4) Thesaurus
          4.6.3 Choosing the level of performance
       4.7 Examples of file structures
          4.7.1 Inverted file structure
          4.7.2 Vector based systems
       4.8 Appendix I: Some important text retrieval systems
             (1) 3RIP
             (3) DATA+PLUS
             (4) DIALOG
             (5) IMDOC
             (6) FIND
             (7) GOLEM
             (8) MEDLARS
             (9) MINTU
             (10) MISTRAL
             (11) NOVA*STATUS
             (12) LEXIS
             (13) POLYDOC
             (14) RESPONSA
             (15) SIFT
             (16) SPIRIT (Systeme syntactique et probabiliste d'indexation et de recherche d'information textuelles)
             (17) STAIRS (Storage and information retrieval system)
             (18) STATUS II
       4.9 Appendix II: The concept of relevance
          4.9.1 Types of relevance: Formal, content, and subjective relevance
          4.9.2 The nature of relevance: Absolute and relative relevance
          4.9.3 The grading of relevance: Grading by degrees or binary grading?
          4.9.4 The relevance concept as used in this book

    5 RESEARCH REGARDING THE PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF TEXT RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS
       5.1 Introduction
       5.2 General research
          5.2.1 The Aslib-Cranfield Projects: 1960-1966
          5.2.2 The SMART project: 1964-1983
          5.2.3 The MEDLARS evaluation: 1966-1967
          5.2.4 The "Comparative Systems Laboratory Experiments" Project: 1963- 1968
       5.3 Development and design of text retrieval systems
          5.3.1 The CONDOR project: 1973-1981
          5.3.2 The SPIRIT system
       5.4 Research regarding legal systems
          5.4.1 The joint ABF/IBM project: 1966-1967
          5.4.2 The Oxford experiments: 1963-1965, 1976-1982
          5.4.3 The Responsa project: 1967-1983
          5.4.4 The WIENER SYSTEM
          5.4.5 The MAJUS program: 1974-1977
          5.4.6 The NORIS research program: 1972-1983

PART III: INTERNATIONAL SURVEY OF LEGAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

    6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERIZED LEGAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
       6.1 Introduction
       6.2 Background
          6.2.1 Libraries and indexes
          6.2.2 Jurimetrics
       6.3 The initiative
          6.3.1 The Pittsburgh Project
          6.3.2 The Aspen Systems Corporation
          6.3.3 The Oxford Experiments
       6.4 A profusion of projects
          6.4.1 Introduction
          6.4.2 Law Research Services, Incorporated
          6.4.3 RIRA: Reports and Information Retrieval Activity

    7 CURRENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
       7.1 International organizations
          7.1.1 Introduction
          7.1.2 Intergovernmental Bureau of Informatics
          7.1.3 The Council of Europe
          7.1.4 The European Communities
          7.1.5 EURONET DIANE
          7.1.6 World Health Organization (WHO)
          7.1.7 INTERDOC
       7.2 Argentina
       7.3 Australia
          7.3.1 Introduction
          7.3.2 The SCALE project
          7.3.3 Future developments in Australia
       7.4 Austria
       7.5 Belgium
          7.5.1 Introduction
          7.5.2 CREDOC
          7.5.3 JUSTEL
          7.5.4 Samsom
       7.6 Brazil
       7.7 Canada
          7.7.1 Introduction
          7.7.2 Quebec: From DATUM to SOQUIJ
          7.7.3 From QUIC/LAW to QL Systems
          7.7.4 Carswell Legal Publications
       7.8 Denmark
          7.8.1 Introduction
          7.8.2 DC-jura
          7.8.3 DATA LEX
       7.9 Finland
       7.10 France
          7.10.1 Introduction
          7.10.2 IRETIJ
          7.10.3 CEDIJ
          7.10.4 SYDONI
          7.10.5 JURIS-DATA
          7.10.6 LEXIS
          7.10.7 Specialized or regional information services
       7.11 Germany
          7.11.1 Introduction
          7.11.2 JURIS
             (1) Introduction
             (2) JURIS pilot system
             (3) Extended JURIS system
          7.11.3 DATEV
       7.12 Greece
       7.13 Holland
          7.13.1 Introduction
          7.13.2 Kluwer JURID
          7.13.3 The PARAC - Vermande project
       7.14 Ireland
       7.15 Israel
       7.16 Italy
          7.16.1 Introduction
          7.16.2 ITALGIURE
          7.16.3 Istituto per la documentazione giurdica (IDG)
          7.16.4 Camera dei deputati
       7.17 Japan
       7.18 Luxemburg
       7.19 Mexico
          7.19.1 Introduction
          7.19.2 UNAM-JURE
       7.20 New Zealand
       7.21 Norway
          7.21.1 Introduction
          7.21.2 Lawdata
       7.22 Spain
       7.23 Sweden
          7.23.1 Introduction
          7.23.2 From RI to Raettsdata
       7.24 Switzerland
       7.25 United Kingdom
          7.25.1 Introduction
             (1) The STATUS project
             (2) The Society for Computers and Law
             (3) Universities and research institutions
             (4) A note on unreported cases
          7.25.2 LEXIS
          7.25.3 EUROLEX
          7.25.4 Prestel services
             (1) Infolex
             (2) Lawtel
          7.25.5 Northern Ireland - and the BIRD systems
       7.26 United States of America
          7.26.1 Introduction
          7.26.2 From LITE to FLITE
          7.26.3 JURIS: Justice Retrieval and Inquiry System
          7.26.4 LEXIS
          7.26.5 WESTLAW

LITERATURE

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